Last updated on 3/4/24 | First published on 3/16/19 | Literature review current through Oct. 2024
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Authors:
Elaine Horibe Song MD, PhD, MBA,
more...
Coauthor(s)
Elaine Horibe Song, MD, PhD, MBACo-Founder and Editor, Wound Reference, Inc;
Professor (Affiliate), Division of Plastic Surgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo;
Chair, Association for the Advancement of Wound Care;
Google Scholar Profile
Disclosures: Nothing to disclose
Editors
INTRODUCTION
Overview
This topic provides a list of Guidelines, Quality Measures and other resources on Acute Burn Injuries. See topic "Acute Burns - Introduction and Assessment" for a review and framework for assessment of acute burns, including epidemiology, risk factors, etiology, pathophysiology, first aid, primary and secondary assessment, transfer criteria, burns classification, documentation and ICD-10 coding. For management of acute burns see " Acute Burns - Treatment".
Background
- Definition: Burns are cutaneous injuries caused by various agents or mechanisms, including thermal (further subdivided into liquid, solid and gaseous agents), electric, chemical, and other rarer tissue insults such as radiation. The physiologic effects of burns are manifested by tissue damage and subsequent cell death.
- Relevance: Annually in the United States, over half a million patients will present to emergency department with burns, and 10% of those require hospitalization.[1]
Figure 1. Acute burn on hand - Deep partial thickness (deep second degree)
EVIDENCE-BASED CLINICAL GUIDELINES
Below is a list of the some of the most recent evidence-based guidelines on Acute Burns:
| Evidence-based guideline, year |
Publishing Organization, country |
Links |
Comments |
American Burn Association Clinical Practice Guidelines on Burn Shock Resuscitation, 2023 [2]
| American Burn Association, United States
| Guideline (Free) | Focus on acute fluid resuscitation |
American Burn Association Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Treatment of Severe Frostbite, 2023 [3]
| American Burn Association, United States
| Guideline (Free) | Focus on frostbite management
|
European Burns Association guidelines for the management of burn mass casualty incidents within a European response plan, 2023 [4]
| European Burns Association, Europe
| Guideline (Free) | Focus on management of burn mass casualty incidents |
Management of severe thermal burns in the acute phase in adults and children, 2020 [5]
| SFAR, multiple countries | Guideline (Free)
| Focus on acute burn injuries in adults and children
|
American Burn Association Guidelines on the Management of Acute Pain in the Adult Burn Patient: A Review of the Literature, a Compilation of Expert Opinion, and Next Steps, 2020 [6]
| American Burn Association, United States
| Guideline (Free)
| Focuses on pain management |
ISBI Practice Guidelines for Burn Care, Part 2, 2018
| ISBI Practice Guidelines Committee, multiple countries
| Guideline (Paid)
| Focuses on assessment and management of burn injuries |
The wound/burn guidelines - 6: Guidelines for the management of burns, 2016
| Wound/Burn Guidelines Committee, Japan
| Guideline (Free) | Focuses on management of acute burns |
ISBI Practice Guidelines for Burn Care, 2016
| ISBI Practice Guidelines Committee, multiple countries
| Guideline (Free) | Focuses on methods of evaluation and management of burn injuries. |
Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient, 2016 [7]
| Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.)
| Guideline (Free)
| Nutrition guidelines for critically ill patients with acute burns |
QUALITY MEASURES
| Setting |
CMS Program |
Developed by |
Measure ID |
Title |
Description |
| Ambulatory Surgery Centers (ASC) | Ambulatory Surgical Center Quality Reporting
| CMS and ASC Quality Collaboration
| CMIT Measure ID: 500
| Patient Burn | The number of admissions (patients) who experience a burn prior to discharge from the ASC. Numerator is Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) admissions experiencing a burn prior to discharge; Denominator is All ASC admissions
|
| Burn Centers | This set of quality measures is not part of a Quality Program by CMS. | American Burn Association | n/a | Burn Quality Improvement Program
| The purpose of the Burn Quality Improvement Program (BQIP) is to support and supplement ongoing Quality Improvement efforts at Burn Centers. It is based on data that is collected and reported by participating Burn Centers on the patients they care for.
|
| Outpatient | Quality Payment Program - Merit-based incentive payment system (MIPS) (***)
| US Wound Registry | USWR22 | Patient Reported Measure: Patient Reported Nutritional Assessment in Patients with Wounds and Ulcers
| The percentage of patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of a wound or ulcer of any type who self-report nutritional screening with a validated tool (such as the Self-MNA® by Nestlé) as well as food insecurity assessment, AND for whom the clinician provides and documents a follow up/ intervention plan within the 12-month reporting period.
|
| Outpatient | Quality Payment Program - Merit-based incentive payment system (MIPS) (***)
| Medicare | MIPS 128
| Preventative Care and Screening: Body Mass Index (BMI) Screening and Follow-Up
| Percentage of patients aged 18 years and older with a BMI documented during the current encounter or during the previous twelve months AND with a BMI outside of normal parameters, a follow-up plan is documented during the encounter or during the previous twelve months of the current encounter
|
| Retired |
|
|
|
|
|
| Setting | CMS Program
| Developed by | Measure ID
| Title
| Description
|
Outpatient
| Quality Payment Program - Merit-based incentive payment system (MIPS) (***)
| US Wound Registry
| USWR24
| Patient Reported Experience of Care: Wound Outcome
| All eligible patients with wounds or ulcers who completed of Wound Outcome Questionnaire who showed 10% improvement at discharge or transfer to another site of care during the 12 month reporting period
|
Outpatient
| Quality Payment Program - Merit-based incentive payment system (MIPS) (***)
| Medicare
| MIPS 131
| Pain Assessment and Follow-Up
| Percentage of visits for patients aged 18 years and older with documentation of a pain assessment using a standardized tool(s) on each visit AND documentation of a follow-up plan when pain is present
|
*** The Quality Payment Program (QPP) was implemented in the U.S. by Medicare in 2017. Merit-based incentive payment system (MIPS) is designed for eligible clinicians who bill under Medicare Part B.
RESOURCES
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This topic provides an evidence-based review and framework for assessment of acute burns, including epidemiology, risk factors, etiology, pathophysiology, first aid, primary and secondary assessment, transfer criteria, burns classification, documentation and ICD-10 coding
